How do shadow fleets work? US seizes two sencented oil tankers

The phrase “shadow fleet” refers to ageing oil tankers that operate under false flags to bypass Western sanctions on Russian, Iranian, and Venezuelan crude, a practice Russia has reportedly invested billions of euros in since 2022 to maintain its oil exports. But how these shadow, or so-called “ghost,” fleets function in practice is less widely understood, August Hakansson investigates.