Copper Sprays—Effects on Apple Fruit Typiness and Market Color Grades

Related papersDevelopment and Testing of a Recommendation System to Schedule Copper Sprays for Citrus Disease ControlGene AlbrigoJournal of ASTM International, 2005View PDFchevron_rightAdjuvants Affect Penetration of Copper Through Isolated Cuticles of Citrus Leaves and FruitVladimir Orbovic2007Copper (Cu)-based fungicidal sprays are widely used on many crops although Cu sprays can be phytotoxic under some conditions. The mechanism of phytotoxicity is poorly understood but must involve toxic levels of Cu penetrating plant tissues. We studied the effect of different adjuvants on the deposition pattern of droplets and penetration of Cu (in Kocide fungicide) through isolated cuticles of 'Marsh' grapefruit leaves and 'Valencia' orange fruit. The addition of the silicone-based L-77 surfactant to the Kocide suspension markedly increased the spread of the droplets on cuticles and increased the penetration of Cu through fruit and abaxial leaf cuticles, both with stomatal po...