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Новости за 23.12.2024

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How can digitalization be used to develop community resilience in public health emergencies?: A qualitative comparative analysis from China

Plos.org 
En

by Liqing Li, Zihan Li, Haifeng Ding, Meng Gao

Community resilience is critical for the government’s response to public health emergencies. With the rapid development of digital technology, leveraging digital tools for grassroots community governance has become increasingly important for the Chinese government. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is utilized in this study to establish a framework for investigating the historical development of holistic intelligent governance... Читать дальше...

DC algorithm for estimation of sparse Gaussian graphical models

Plos.org 
En

by Tomokaze Shiratori, Yuichi Takano

Sparse estimation of a Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is an important technique for making relationships between observed variables more interpretable. Various methods have been proposed for sparse GGM estimation, including the graphical lasso that uses the ℓ1 norm regularization term, and other methods that use nonconvex regularization terms. Most of these methods approximate the ℓ0 (pseudo) norm by more tractable functions; however, to estimate more accurate solutions... Читать дальше...

Detecting anomalies in graph networks on digital markets

Plos.org 
En

by Agata Skorupka

The study examines different graph-based methods of detecting anomalous activities on digital markets, proposing the most efficient way to increase market actors’ protection and reduce information asymmetry. Anomalies are defined below as both bots and fraudulent users (who can be both bots and real people). Methods are compared against each other, and state-of-the-art results from the literature and a new algorithm is proposed. The goal is to find an efficient method suitable for threat detection... Читать дальше...

Optimizing hypertension prediction using ensemble learning approaches

Plos.org 
En

by Isteaq Kabir Sifat, Md. Kaderi Kibria

Hypertension (HTN) prediction is critical for effective preventive healthcare strategies. This study investigates how well ensemble learning techniques work to increase the accuracy of HTN prediction models. Utilizing a dataset of 612 participants from Ethiopia, which includes 27 features potentially associated with HTN risk, we aimed to enhance predictive performance over traditional single-model methods. A multi-faceted feature selection approach was employed... Читать дальше...

Biochemical analysis to study wild-type and polyglutamine-expanded ATXN3 species

Plos.org 
En

by Grégoire Quinet, María Cristina Paz-Cabrera, Raimundo Freire

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a cureless neurodegenerative disease recognized as the most prevalent form of dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. The main hallmark of SCA3 is the expansion of a polyglutamine tract located in the C-terminal of Ataxin-3 (or ATXN3) protein, that triggers the mis-localization and toxic aggregation of ATXN3 in neuronal cells. The propensity of wild type and polyglutamine-expanded ATXN3... Читать дальше...

Temporal response patterns of Layer 4 rat barrel cortex neurons across various naturalistic whisker motions

Plos.org 
En

by Dinh K. Tang, Mark B. Flegg, Ramesh Rajan

A central topic in neuroscience is the neural coding problem which aims to decipher how the brain signals sensory information through neural activity. Despite significant advancements in this area, the characterisation of information encoding through the precise timing of spikes in the somatosensory cortex is limited. Here, we utilised a comprehensive dataset from previous studies to identify and characterise temporal response patterns of Layer... Читать дальше...

Breaking down linguistic barriers: The radical impact of translanguaging on pre-service EFL teachers’ perspectives in Turkey

Plos.org 
En

by Ömer Gökhan Ulum

This study examines the perceptions and practices of translanguaging among pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Turkey, employing a mixed-method research design with a phenomenological framework. The sample consists of 401 pre-service EFL teachers from the Education Faculty’s English Language Teaching (ELT) Department at a state university during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data collection included a rigorously developed 28-item Likert-scale questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Читать дальше...

A novel, rapid, quantitative method for face discrimination

Plos.org 
En

by Kerri Walter, Peter Bex

Face discrimination ability has been widely studied in psychology, however a self-administered, adaptive method has not yet been developed. In this series of studies, we utilize Foraging Interactive D-prime (FInD) in conjunction with the Basel Face Model to quantify thresholds of face discrimination ability both in-lab and remotely. In Experiment 1, we measured sensitivity to changes for all 199 structural Principal Components of the Basel Face Model and found observers... Читать дальше...

Influences of aging and mating history in males on paternity success in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

Plos.org 
En

by Renya Kawakami, Kentarou Matsumura

The investment of males in reproductive traits is often associated with their age. For example, several empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated that older males make greater investment in reproduction compared with younger males. However, with regards to post-copulatory sexual selection, male reproductive success might be influenced by decreasing sperm quality with male age and the interaction between aging and mating experience in males. However... Читать дальше...

Area under the ROC Curve has the most consistent evaluation for binary classification

Plos.org 
En

by Jing Li

The proper use of model evaluation metrics is important for model evaluation and model selection in binary classification tasks. This study investigates how consistent different metrics are at evaluating models across data of different prevalence while the relationships between different variables and the sample size are kept constant. Analyzing 156 data scenarios, 18 model evaluation metrics and five commonly used machine learning models as well as a naive random guess model,... Читать дальше...

A survey of knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance among teachers in the Republic of Kenya: Implications for using teachers in raising public awareness of rational antibiotic use in school communities

Plos.org 
En

by Patrick M. Mutua, Joshua. Mutiso, Michael M. Gicheru

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health threat. In Kenya, schools are targeted for public education to promote knowledge and attitudes towards the proper use of antimicrobials. However, there are limited studies that have investigated teachers’ knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic use.

Methods

We conducted an online survey from December 2023 to January 2024 which included 608 primary and secondary school teachers... Читать дальше...

A comparative study evaluating three line immunoassays available for serodiagnosis of equine Lyme borreliosis: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-specific antibodies in serum samples of vaccinated and non-vaccinated horses

Plos.org 
En

by Cornelia V. Broeckl, Stephanie Hiereth, Reinhard K. Straubinger

Diagnosis of equine Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bbsl), is challenging due to the nonspecific clinical signs of the disease and due to the variety of non-standardized serological tests. Specific vaccine-induced antibodies against LB, providing an effective protection against the infection, complicate the issue further. The standard for the detection of... Читать дальше...