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Новости за 16.12.2024

Estimating and visualising multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses within a radial framework

Plos.org 

by Wes Spiller, Jack Bowden, Eleanor Sanderson

Background

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical approach using genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of a single exposure on an outcome. Multivariable MR (MVMR) extends this to estimate the direct effect of multiple exposures simulatiously. MR and MVMR can be biased by the presence of pleiotropic genetic variants in the set used as instrumental variables, violating one of the core IV assumptions. Genetic... Читать дальше...

Neuro-cognitive multilevel causal modeling: A framework that bridges the explanatory gap between neuronal activity and cognition

Plos.org 

by Moritz Grosse-Wentrup, Akshey Kumar, Anja Meunier, Manuel Zimmer

Explaining how neuronal activity gives rise to cognition arguably remains the most significant challenge in cognitive neuroscience. We introduce neuro-cognitive multilevel causal modeling (NC-MCM), a framework that bridges the explanatory gap between neuronal activity and cognition by construing cognitive states as (behaviorally and dynamically) causally consistent abstractions of neuronal states. Multilevel causal modeling... Читать дальше...

Dopamine facilitates the response to glutamatergic inputs in astrocyte cell models

Plos.org 

by Thiago Ohno Bezerra, Antonio C. Roque

Astrocytes respond to neurotransmitters by increasing their intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ signals). While glutamate released by neurons trigger Ca2+ signals through IP3- and glutamate transporter-dependent mechanisms, dopamine released in distant sites activates astrocytes via dopaminergic receptors. However, little is known about the modulatory effects of dopamine on glutamate-evoked astrocytic activity. To investigate this question, we developed multi-compartment... Читать дальше...

SLMO transfers phosphatidylserine between the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane in Drosophila

Plos.org 

by Siwen Zhao, Xuguang Jiang, Ning Li, Tao Wang

Phospholipids are critical building blocks of mitochondria, and proper mitochondrial function and architecture rely on phospholipids that are primarily transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that mitochondrial form and function rely on synthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the ER through phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), trafficking of PS from ER to mitochondria (and within mitochondria), and the conversion of PS to... Читать дальше...

Engineering microbiomes for enhanced bioremediation

Plos.org 

by Xihui Xu, Jiandong Jiang

Bioremediation using synthetic microbiomes offers significant advantages over traditional single-strain-based approaches. In this Perspective, we outline 5 important considerations for the rational design of pollutant-degrading microbiomes for enhanced bioremediation. Bioremediation using synthetic microbiomes offers significant advantages over traditional single‐strain‐based approaches. In this Perspective, the authors outline five important considerations for... Читать дальше...

25 MPH May Be Too Fast For City Centers: Study

Jalopnik.com 

It’s an intuitive concept that a vehicle’s speed is the decisive factor in determining whether a struck pedestrian is seriously injured or killed. New research from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows front-end height compounds the injury risk created by speed. Findings show that a 25-mile-per-hour speed…

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