Новости за 20.08.2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common health care–associated infection. Often preventable, SSIs are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality as well as prolonged hospitalizations and readmissions, and these infections remain a vital challenge globally. Among the millions of patients undergoing surgical procedures annually in the US, an estimated 3% will develop SSIs, compared with nearly a quarter of patients in low- and middle-income countries. SSIs are well established as a key quality metric in health care... Читать дальше...

The Original Investigation titled “Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on May 31, 2024, was corrected to remove the dashed lines from panel B of Figure 2, indicating patients who discontinued treatment, and to fix typographical errors in the Results and Additional Contributions sections. This article was corrected online.

This Viewpoint explicates the complex reasoning the US Supreme Court has used in rulings on gun control and raises concerns that the recent Rahimi decision poses more questions than it settled on the future of the Second Amendment.

This Viewpoint reviews regulations regarding FDA’s handing of confidential commercial information, explains how these regulations serve as a barrier to disclosure of information in the interest of public health, and suggests how information could be carefully shared to improve health outcomes and advance research.

This review examines the safety and efficacy of various antiobesity medications in conjunction with lifestyle modification according to their mechanism of action, including intragastrointestinal, centrally acting, and nutrient-stimulated hormone-based medications.

In Reply We thank Dr Kravitz for his supportive comments and appreciate his perspective as a former journal editor who faced the challenge of deciding what research and opinion manuscripts warrant publication in medical journals. His formula of new, true, and potentially practice-changing for making decisions adds further clarity and wisdom into the ways that medical journals can act in responsible and careful ways to advance medical knowledge and practice. His comments about the complexity of understanding... Читать дальше...

To the Editor I read with interest the Viewpoint by Dr Greenland and colleagues and the response by JAMA editors Drs Curfman and Bibbins-Domingo regarding the appropriate role of medical journals in health crises associated with war or political disorder. Greenland and colleagues argued that journals should abstain from publishing political views that are not directly informed by knowledge of medicine or public health. The editors responded that JAMA will continue to publish “scholarly articles addressing... Читать дальше...

In the Original Investigation titled “Youth Experiencing Parental Death Due to Drug Poisoning and Firearm Violence in the US, 1999-2020,” published online May 5, 2024, and in print on May 28, 2024, there were errors in the Table. The top 4 cells in the seventh column duplicated the bottom 4 cells. In addition, the 95% CI values in the seventh row of data in the eighth column were transposed. The value given as “(1.3-0.9)” should have been “(0.9-1.3).” This article has been corrected online.

This Viewpoint examines the role of diversity, equity, and inclusion programs in academic health institutions and universities and encourages such institutions to reexamine and reengage with the goals of these programs.

The sun had moved an hour through the sky, unknown to me, because I was asleep, awash in dark so deep, perhaps I’ll die. My body lies prepared to take the leap, a throw tucked tight, two pillows for support. I sleep at night, I sleep in day, I take a breath, I rise and walk, my life cut short. Dreamless, I sleep. I try to tame the snake with tiny prayers, as if a beast could hear, and still the squeeze. If I could be a leaf falling this fall, if I could disappear, the wind would steal me like a gentle thief. Читать дальше...

In Reply We appreciate the comments of Dr Strandberg and of Dr Jones and colleagues, who noted that our recent review did not address alcohol and postprandial hypotension, respectively, as potential risk factors for falls in older adults. They correctly highlight that the etiology of falls in older adults is inherently multifactorial, and for individual patients, both of these factors may be highly salient. Jones and colleagues reference a systematic review that described an association between syncope... Читать дальше...

To the Editor The comprehensive review of risk assessment and prevention of falls by Dr Colón-Emeric and colleagues did not mention one important, common, and modifiable risk factor: alcohol use. The relationship between alcohol intoxication and falls is self-evident, whereas the effect of smaller amounts of consumption has been less studied and with inconsistent results. Still, geriatricians well know that in an older individual, even a small, “social” amount of alcohol can affect balance and lead to a fall. Читать дальше...

This study examines trends in medical use, nonmedical use, diversion sources, and perceived procurement difficulty of prescription medications for nonmedical use among US adolescents.

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2023 American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guideline on management of patients with chronic coronary disease.

This Viewpoint explores the politicized nature of gender-affirming care for transgender and nonbinary youth and how children’s hospitals can provide education, resources, and access to families seeking care.

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric neurology resident who survived childhood cancer reflects on her experience and later how it affected her mother and by extension how life-threatening diagnoses of children impact their parents, grandparents, and siblings.

This study examines the content, including mention of benefits and harms of testing and treatment, and funding of disease awareness campaign websites recognized by major noncommercial institutions.

By Herman E. Pearse, M.D., Chairman of Committee on Progress of Surgery, Kansas City, MO.

This Medical News article discusses new research on immune system cross-reactivity to different coronaviruses and implications for pan-coronavirus vaccines.

This Medical News article is an interview with Robert Gabbay, MD, PhD, the American Diabetes Association’s chief scientific and medical officer.

Adults with low socioeconomic status who received small financial rewards for quitting smoking in addition to usual care were more than 3 times as likely to have continued to abstain after about 3 months than were those who received only usual care, according to a recent randomized clinical trial. The study involved 320 participants in the US who were uninsured or covered by Medicaid—groups that tend to have a harder time quitting, the researchers noted in JAMA Network Open. Usual care involved a combination of counseling and pharmacotherapy... Читать дальше...

More than $200 million will go toward improving the ability of “the most trusted people” in older adults’ lives—primary care clinicians, family members, and caregivers—to support them as they age, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said in a recent statement.

About 2.6 million people around the world—the majority of whom were male—died from causes related to alcohol consumption in 2019, according to a new report from the World Health Organization (WHO). The greatest proportion of alcohol-related deaths occurred in people aged 20 to 39 years.

Weight gain is a common adverse effect of antidepressants and might contribute to some patients stopping the medications. Now, a new observational study focused on the effects of 8 first-line antidepressants found that some types were associated with a greater chance of weight gain in patients than others.

Pregnant people who received a messenger RNA, or mRNA, COVID-19 vaccine during their first trimester did not have a greater risk of giving birth to infants with structural birth defects than those who didn’t receive the vaccine then, according to data from an observational cohort study published in JAMA Pediatrics. The study involved more than 42 100 pregnancies that led to live births. The results “should provide reassurance to pregnant people and their obstetric care practitioners,” the researchers wrote.