Новости за 02.07.2024

In Reply We agree with Dr Fujieda that weight during childhood and adolescence is an important phenotypic variable, given that birth weight and early-life weight trajectories are associated with risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular outcomes. Unfortunately, the ARMMS-T2D Collaborative study, which pooled data from 4 separate randomized clinical trials, did not collect weight trajectory data from participants for the years prior to their enrollment in these studies. Future studies that... Читать дальше...

To the Editor In their pooled analysis of 4 randomized trials, Dr Courcoulas and colleagues concluded that individuals who underwent bariatric surgery had improved diabetes outcomes compared with those who received medical/lifestyle interventions. I would like to address a specific point that we believe warrants further examination.

This Viewpoint discusses the limitations of current tools to improve sepsis outcomes and proposes that these tools be supplemented with “failure to rescue,” a systems-level approach for recognizing and addressing complications and managing sepsis throughout the hospitalization period.

A thin spun sugar drips gossamer cobwebs. Bakers drip these strands from rolling pins and circle them into amber sugar nests to decorate an elaborate cake laden with fruit. Egg custards wobble in their shallow tins. Fevers in the tent and on the couch as we watch The Great British Baking Show parading phantasmagoria. He watches in iron curtain silence, clammy and weak. I watch him watching and imagine thoughts of jackal-hunger, roaming with his moonlit pack, knowing not to eat is to die or to eat is to die. Читать дальше...

This JAMA Insights examines the adverse effects of homelessness on physical and mental health and suggests strategies to improve access to health care, services, and housing for people experiencing homelessness.

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician channels James Herriott as she attempts to save a hatchling in the basement with nonsterile equipment while her young daughters look on.

This clinical trial compares the effectiveness of nurse case management plus home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPTM) vs HBPTM alone in achieving greater systolic blood pressure reduction at 12 months and lower rate of stroke recurrence at 24 months among Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension.

In Reply We appreciate the comments from Mr Richards-Belle and colleagues and Dr Zarkowski regarding our recently published study. Their comments highlight important considerations in pharmacoepidemiological studies using real-world data.

To the Editor Dr Li and colleagues report that among individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), medications to treat ADHD might reduce the 2-year mortality rate. This study has several features warranting further explanation.

This study examines formulary coverage of brand-name adalimumab and biosimilars across Medicare Part D plans.

In this Viewpoint, the authors write that US-based medical journals have an obligation to create space for discourse about the human costs of war and other political drivers of health.

This 2024 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls (B recommendation) and that clinicians individualize the decision to offer multifactorial interventions to prevent falls in this population (C recommendation).

This systematic review to support a 2024 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of primary care–relevant multifactorial and exercise interventions to prevent falls among community-dwelling adults 65 years or older.

This JAMA Patient Page describes risk of falls in older adults and fall prevention recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Among older persons, falls are common (about 25% of older US adults fall each year), injurious (approximately 37% of those who fall require medical treatment or restrict their activity for at least 1 day), expensive (approximately $50 billion per year is spent on medical costs related to falls), and are a worsening problem. In fact, age-adjusted rates of fatal falls increased 41% in the US from 2012 to 2021. Moreover, because the incidence of falls rises with increasing age, the absolute number of... Читать дальше...

Men with endogenous testosterone levels lower than 213 ng/dL tended to have a higher risk of dying from any cause, according to an analysis of data from 11 studies involving more than 24 100 participants. Although testosterone levels vary by age, the cut-off for low testosterone concentrations is less than 300 ng/dL, based on the American Urological Association’s definition. Very low concentrations of testosterone—less than 153 ng/dL—were also associated with higher chance of dying from cardiovascular disease specifically.

About 1 in 8 US adults aged 18 years or older report having ever used a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist medication, according to results from a KFF (formerly Kaiser Family Foundation) poll involving about 1500 respondents. This includes the 6% of people currently using a GLP-1 agonist such as semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic or Wegovy.

Previous research has linked consumption of ultraprocessed foods with many health concerns, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. Now, a new cohort study published in The BMJ suggests that people who tended to eat a large daily amount of ultraprocessed foods—a median of about 7 servings per day—had a 4% higher risk of dying from any cause than those who ate the fewest amounts, about 3 daily servings.

People who monitored their blood pressure at home and modified their medications based on the readings lowered their blood pressure more than those in a control group who received routine blood pressure management from a physician, according to results from a randomized clinical trial involving 219 patients in Spain. The participants were aged 40 years or older and had a systolic blood pressure of more than 145 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mm Hg, or both. Both groups also received... Читать дальше...

About 98% of people who received mifepristone and misoprostol through a mail-order pharmacy experienced complete abortions, according to new data reported in JAMA Internal Medicine. Only 0.6% experienced serious adverse events that resulted in hospitalization, which is similar to the complication rate associated with in-person dispensing of abortion medications. None of the serious adverse events were attributed to mail-order dispensing.

People in the UK who reported always adding salt to their food while sitting at the table had a 41% higher risk of being diagnosed with gastric cancer compared with those who never or rarely added salt, a recent study published in Gastric Cancer found. But although adding salt to one’s food was positively related to higher sodium levels in urine, 24-hour urinary sodium levels were not themselves linked with increased gastric cancer risk. The findings were based on data from more than 471 100 mostly White adults enrolled in the UK Biobank.

Amid rising antimicrobial resistance that poses a “global threat,” the World Health Organization (WHO) recently announced recommendations aimed at reducing the number of people who are affected by sepsis and other serious infections caused by catheters placed in blood vessels. Up to 70% of hospital inpatients have a catheter placed in a vein or artery during their stay, which increases their risk of contracting bloodstream and soft tissue infections, the WHO reported.

More than 4500 people died from drowning each year between 2020 and 2022, an increase over the roughly 4100 lives lost in 2019, according to results from a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report. Pandemic-related disruptions could have played a role in the uptick, the researchers suggested. Rates of drowning were greatest among typically higher-risk groups, including young children aged 1 to 4 years and adults aged 65 years or older as well as American Indian, Alaska Native, and Black people.

The liquid in flavored e-cigarettes likely produces an array of harmful chemicals when heated, as occurs during vaping, a recent study in Scientific Reports found. The researchers used artificial intelligence to predict what would happen when 180 substances known to be present in flavored e-cigarettes are exposed to high temperatures.

This Medical News article discusses new US household survey data that found differences in long COVID rates based on preexisting chronic conditions and other factors.