Новости за 14.05.2024

Understatement, or “showing without telling,” makes writing in prose and especially in poetry pleasing to read. Medical training, in contrast, is rife with exhaustive explanation. “Open MRI” demonstrates the effect of understatement. The poem brims with implied yet revealing comparisons: the massive, coldly impersonal MRI scanner that swallows the speaker’s mother and the small, oddly intimate denture case kept warm in the hands of the daughter; the eerily soothing, mentally replayed Bowie song lyrics... Читать дальше...

I keep my mother’s dentures warm; they fog the plastic case on my lap. Lips pursed, arms raised above her head, she lies on a table about to slide through the doughnut of an apparatus that looks like a spaceship. I hear David Bowie’s voice: This is Ground Control to Major Tom as the contraption begins its magnetic music— an opus of hammers, a staccato hum. What a brave astronaut my mother is, fitted into a coil helmet, going in alone. She waves off my hand to hold, refuses earbuds the technician offers. Читать дальше...

This cohort study assesses match rates of US applicants with and without disability into specialty residence programs.

A 41-year-old with type 1 diabetes had generalized weakness, muffled voice, and slurred speech. Neck computed tomography showed soft-tissue gas in the nasopharynx and prevertebral fascia; examination of sinus mucosal samples identified numerous broad, nonseptate right-angled hyphae and fruiting bodies. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

When a resident announced that “the patient has no chance of surviving,” a medical student, in this narrative medicine essay, has pondered for years how her mother could have been so reduced and advocates using patients’ names when summarizing their conditions.

This JAMA Patient Page describes hepatitis D infection and its risk factors, outcomes of acute and chronic infection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

In Reply The Letters about our study suggest that the observed positive association between estrogen-only hormone therapy and dementia could have been influenced by (1) potential confounding by indication of hysterectomy-induced early menopause among estrogen-only hormone therapy users or (2) potential late estrogen-only hormone therapy initiation distant from menopause, previously linked to increased risk of dementia.

To the Editor A recent study reported an increased dementia risk in women using estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy, which mirrors findings of an earlier study by these authors that demonstrated an increased dementia risk associated with combined menopausal hormone therapy. These studies have many similar limitations, including confounding by indication, multiple sources of bias, and failure to adjust for factors known to influence dementia risk. In a similar study that adjusted for multiple confounding factors... Читать дальше...

Modern hygiene has been described as the reaction against the old fatalistic creed that deaths inevitably occur at a constant rate. The study of vital statistics shows that there is no “iron law of mortality.” According to a report prepared for the National Conservation Commission fifteen years ago, statistics for India showed that the average duration of life there was less than twenty-five years. In Sweden it was over fifty years; in Massachusetts, forty-five years. The length of life is increasing... Читать дальше...

This Medical News article is an interview with Douglas Drachman, MD, an interventional cardiologist and chair of the American College of Cardiology’s annual meeting.

This Medical News story examines other potential uses of GLP-1 receptor agonists, the popular type 2 diabetes and weight-loss drugs.

Previous research has tied the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a bacterium normally found in the mouth, with colorectal cancer tumors. High amounts of F nucleatum in the tumor are linked with worse prognosis. A recent study clarified that risk, showing that what was thought to be a single bacterial subspecies, F nucleatum animalis, is actually 2 clades: C1 and C2. Based on an analysis of human tissue and animal models, F nucleatum animalis C1 is found mostly in the mouth while C2 is the bacterium driving tumor growth... Читать дальше...

Patients with heart disease as well as anxiety or depression who received mental health treatments tended to have a substantially lower risk of mortality as well as a reduced chance of hospital readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits, according to a cohort study in Journal of the American Heart Association. The results were based on about 1600 patients covered by Medicaid in Ohio who had been hospitalized for heart failure or coronary artery disease and were followed up for roughly 4 years.

Maternal mortality rates in the US almost doubled between 2014 and 2021, from about 17 deaths to about 32 deaths per 100 000 live births. The steepest increase in deaths occurred between 2019 and 2021. But only a minor portion of the increased mortality was driven by people aged 35 years or older giving birth, according to data reported in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

For decades, researchers characterized normal albuminuria as a urine albumin-creatinine ratio of less than 30 mg/g. That has led some clinicians to believe that patients with lower ratios don’t need additional treatment. But a new study in Annals of Internal Medicine challenges that assumption by showing that even low levels of albuminuria are a risk factor for kidney failure in people with chronic kidney disease.

About 53% of people aged 65 years or older experienced loneliness between April 2020 and September 2021, a recent study involving 603 primary care patients found. Older adults who reported loneliness tended to score lower on measures of physical– and mental health–related quality of life. However, after the researchers adjusted for depression and anxiety, the link between loneliness and mental health remained, which wasn’t the case between loneliness and physical health.

Many people worldwide use progestogen-based hormonal contraception or hormone replacement therapy to manage menopause symptoms. Previous research has linked a handful of high-dose progestogens—cyproterone acetate, nomegestrol acetate, and chlormadinone acetate—with increased risk of meningiomas, a common type of brain tumor that is generally noncancerous.

Children born to people who received valproate, an antiseizure medication, during pregnancy had about a 2.7 times higher chance of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 8 years than those born to people who were not treated with antiseizure medications prenatally, according to results from about 4.3 million US pregnancies and 4.2 million children. However, in utero exposure to topiramate and lamotrigine—other common antiseizure therapies—was not tied to autism risk after adjusting for the pregnant parent’s epilepsy.

People with increased polygenic risk scores for higher body mass index (BMI) would need to walk about 2300 more steps each day to have the same risk of obesity as those with lower scores, a recent retrospective study in JAMA Network Open found. Polygenic risk scores reflect the risk of disease determined by many variants in a person’s DNA. The results suggest that exercise recommendations that don’t take genetic predispositions for obesity into account might underestimate the amount of activity individuals might need to reduce their risk... Читать дальше...

About 12% of patients were inappropriately diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), according to results from more than 17 000 hospitalized patients across 48 hospitals in Michigan. Older people as well as those with dementia or altered mental status were at particularly high risk of being inappropriately diagnosed, which the researchers defined as patients receiving antibiotics when they had fewer than 2 symptoms of pneumonia or negative chest x-ray results.

Cytokinetics’ Phase III Data Sets Up Cardiomyopathy Challenge to BMS 5/14/2024

AbbVie, Gilgamesh Sign Potential $2B Deal to Develop Next-Gen Psychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders 5/14/2024

FDA Rejects Dynavax’s Bid to Expand Use of Hepatitis B Vaccine 5/14/2024

Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy Sustains Weight Loss for Four Years in Two Studies 5/14/2024

Bayer Cuts 1,500 Jobs and Lowers 2024 Earnings Guidance as Q1 Sales Dip 5/14/2024